Click here to study/print these flashcards. Industrial Regions (Place, Fuel Source, Characteristics), Place: based on environmental considerations and the cost effectiveness of the location for the Industry. 30 seconds . Therefore in industry, there is a tendency to substitute one factor of production (e.g., labor) for another (e.g., capital for automated equipment) in order to achieve optimum plant location. 2. Principle that maintains that the correct location of a production facility is where the net profit is the greatest. Q. Q. Geography, the study of the diverse environments, places, and spaces of Earth’s surface and their interactions. Session 4. AP Human Geography, Unit 3. Electrical power amounts for between 30% and 40% of the cost of producing the aluminum and is the major variable cost influencing plant location in the industry. allows a business to be profitable within a larger area than Weber’s model suggests. Each quiz, test or project grade will be set on a curve with the highest score being 100 and all others assigned in respect to the highest score. Matching game, word search puzzle, and hangman also available. Urban Models:--Concentric Circle (Burgess) Concentric Zone Model (1925): … These industries have spatially fixed costs, costs that remain the same no matter where they choose to locate. Threshold: the minimum number of people needed to support a service. THE EVOLUTION OF ECONOMIC CORES AND PERIPHERIES. Includes examples. location theory. Some examples of human geography include cultural landscapes and phenomena, such as language, music and art. future shortages of non-renewable energy sources with increased demand, solvable by use of renewable energy. Total Cards. geography: Human geography as locational analysis …provided—according to principles of least-cost location. Test. Created. was a German economist, sociologist and theoretician of culture whose work was influential in the development of modern economic geography. AP Human Geography Crash Course Chapter 11 Industrialization and Economic Development I. These industries often produce lightweight products of extremely high value, like computer chips. Why are AP® Human Geography scores curved? The substitution principle suggest that business owners can juggle expenses such as: labor. Browse by school. Undergraduate 1. Learn. a location where transfer is possible from one mode of transportation to another. a port, city, or other center to which goods are brought for import and export, and for collection and distribution. The size of an urban place’s hinterland is an indication … c. Labor Costs and the Substitution Principle 1. 155. They are the cost … 9th Grade. Subject. Substitution principle. HUMAN GEOGRAPHY: EDITION . Matching game, word search puzzle, and hangman also available. ... AP … Undergraduate 1. contributing factor to uneven development; occurs when money flows to areas of greatest profit, places where development has already been focused, rather than to places of greatest need; a process through which tendencies for economic growth are self-reinforcing; an expression of the multiplier effect, it tends to favor major cities and core regions over less-advantaged peripheral regions. answer choices . Tags: Question 53 . EXAMPLES OF AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY FREE RESPONSE QUESTIONS 2000 1. questionAssembly line … an industry in which the final product weighs more or comprises a greater volume than the inputs. Level. Human Geography. AP Human Geography Industrialization, Part 2. ... advantages of concentrating high-tech enterprises in close proximity to one another. Level. Physical Quality of Life Index. 9): Industry (AP Human Geography) STUDY. Variable costs b. Term. She is a former member of the AP Human Geography Development Committee and is currently president of the National Council for Geographic Education. Substitution principle; Technology gap; Technology transfer; Threshold/range; Time-space compression; Transnational corporation; … PLAY. maintains that the correct location of a production facility is where the net profit is the greatest. AP Human Geography Name: Vocabulary List Section: Directions: Use the following vocabulary list to help prepare for the AP Test. Settlement geography is a branch of human geography that investigates the earth's surface's part settled by humans. The map the bank's leadership used in its decision-making process That means that not only does the interface have to have exactly the same types, but the behavior has to remain correct as well. Eastern United States, Mexico, Eastern Europe, Western Europe, and East Asia. Company A orders 1,000 pounds of sugar at a cost of $1 per pound. Human geography is considered a major branch of geography alongside physical geography. Trade … This . Basic Concepts . He made following assumptions: An even ... Principles in the arrangement of the central places: ... For example, the largest cities like New York, Paris, London, and Rome attract people from across the globe. Therefore in industry, there is a tendency to substitute one factor of production (e.g., labor) for another (e.g., capital for automated equipment) in order to achieve optimum plant location. Created. %PDF-1.7 04/12/2011. land rents. Massive charges of electricity are required to extract aluminum from its processed raw material, aluminum oxide. 3. Substitution principle Threshold/range Time-space compression Topocide Trade (complementarity) Transnational corporation Ubiquitous Variable costs … agglomeration: Definition. metals, including iron, that are utilized in the production of iron and steel. Generally, human mobility studies make reference to movements rather than the groups … Write. ... For example, the 2nd-ranking city in a country would have approximately half the population of the 1st-ranking city, the 3rd-ranking city in a country would have almost 1/3 of … StudyBlue. a city whose socioeconomics impact the entire world. All the following have been considered new industrial countries EXCEPT Description. Food … Therefore in industry, there is a tendency to substitute … Spell. Which is an example of a footloose activity? Human geography; an attempt at a positive classification, principles and examples Item Preview remove-circle Share or Embed This Item. Note: The following concepts transcend all units in AP Human Geography; they are central to all geographic thinking and analysis and could even be considered central to any definition of geography. A student concludes from maps of world languages and religions that Western Europe has greater cultural diversity than the Middle East/North Africa region. We encourage the elimination of barriers that restrict access to AP for students from ethnic, racial, and socioeconomic groups that have been traditionally underrepresented. tendency for an industry or other type of economic activity to locate close to its resources (Ex. x���MO�@�����T�xgf?%��W��������� Hh�}w�T��&ǟyv��O2N{�Z?�u7k�������}k����麝�>��E7Xt�墽|�������_����#�w�X�����5�Lc&��G��of1jg�����l�ݍ,;Y�&Xr&:���>���̟���f)�/�������d�cS'g�L�n��M�xQ�6�O�e}�Oǫ��u_���͡�I��k3�9jNʐ~���cǜ ���7C~�T B���'�Y_K{����N��. 2 0 obj variable revenue analysis. This is an example of (A) deglomeration (D) purchasing-power parity (B) agglomeration (E) an urban heat island (C) an export-processing zone 36. the tendency of an economic activity to locate close to its market; a reflection of large and variable distribution costs. 3 0 obj In AP® Human Geography, unit 6 covers the development of industrialization and the economic development of states across the world. Vocabulary words, Mr.Crider (6th period) Total Cards. Home FAQ's Theme 1 Theme 2 Theme 3 ... rather than one piece of an interlocking system of countries. the state of being everywhere at any given time. Save. location factors related to the costs of factors of production inside a plant, such as land, labor, and capital. Substitution principle. a Customs area where one is allowed to import plant, machinery, equipment and material for the manufacture of export goods under security, without payment of duty. Substitution principle. A. the substitution principle. the theory that profit of a business is maximized by choosing a location where production costs are lowest as well as land is cheapest and the distance from the market is the smallest. 01/09/2012. Question Answer; Agrarian: a person who advocates the political interests of working farmers; of, or relating to, the ownership, tenure and cultivation of land ... substitution principle: is focused on the substitution of a product, service or process to another that is more efficient or beneficial in some way while retaining the same functionality. Select the best answer choice. N.AM. Substitution principle Topocide Foreign direct investment Footloose industry Comparative advantage A banking company wanted to open a new branch in the New York City area. The blood disease Sickle-cell anemia is caused by a simple substitution mutation. transportation. Although expensive to install, the … a. AP Human Geography Readiness Questions 1. terminal costs (fixed costs of transportation) The costs incurred, and charged, for … Click here to study/print these flashcards. Company B purchases 500 pounds of sugar at $2 per pound. Resources in spatial analysis typically surround the development of networks and urban systems, landscapes, and geo-computation, a new field of research to understand spatial data analysis. PLAY. They helped stimulate innovation and helped China grow economically. Subject. Match. These regions are the leaders in industry and therefore significant to geography. The Weber model assumes that the cost of labor is a key factor influencing ... A noteworthy example of a high-tech corridor popped up in California's Silicon Valley, where many tech-related companies located. Topocide. Cards Return to Set Details. Substitution Principle. This question tested knowledge of the “Population” section of the topic outline found in the AP Human Geography Course Description, particularly the “Population movement” item. Therefore in industry, there is a tendency to substitute one factor of production (e.g., labor) … Please wait. Author: Lawrence Charap Created Date: … Also, one of the primary … Study free AP Human Geography flashcards and improve your grades. Created. Check these out: Food Production. Go through the text and look at … Human Development Index. balancing of expenses . However, it is an excellent example of a geographic concept that has made an extremely important contribution, partly because of what it says and partly because of the questions and criticisms that arise from it. Substitution principle: Substitution of a product, service or process to another that is more efficient and beneficial while retaining the same functionality, such as bettering the environment. Liskov substitution principle imposes some standard requirements on signatures that have been adopted in newer object-oriented ... C++ Report, March 1996. Geography. coal industry). CREATE AN ACCOUNT Create Tests & Flashcards. AP Human Geography Models & Theories (not necessarily comprehensive! Geography. an effect in economics in which an increase in spending produces an increase in national income and consumption greater than the initial amount spent. The concentration of production activities and people spatially to benefit everyone is called. ... You should be able to identify each one from a description or image, apply them to examples, and use them in your writing. geographic principles and discuss how that stream illustrated the principle. 9th Grade. the movement of activity, usually industry, away from areas of concentration. a. France b. Vietnam c. Singapore d. Ecuador e. Italy 4. Make your own. 7 Weber’s Least Cost Theory Human Geography Alfred Weber (1868-1958) formulated a theory of industrial location in which an industry is located where it can ... For example, when relative labor costs decline, or when land rent goes down, an industry can sustain an increase in transportation costs – this is referred to as the substitution principle. Total Cards. The fashion industry, for example, experiences agglomeration economies because they can share specialized inputs (photographers, models) that would be too … Assessment in AP Human Geography is based upon performance in respect to other students. Sign up for free today and conquer your course! Advanced Placement . AP Human Geography. AP Human Geography Exam. The Liskov Substitution Principle states that an object with a certain interface can be replaced by a different object that implements that same interface while retaining all the correctness of the original program. Level. Description. <>/ExtGState<>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> Receding: industry is diminishing in size and importance. Which of the following is the largest ... An Introduction to … AP Human Geography: Services Vocabulary. These also take into account the economic growth and development of towns, human behaviour, human geography, economic theory and fundamentals of economics. Economies of scale can be accomplished because as production increases, the cost of producing each additional unit falls. Export oriented industrialization. Weight-gaining. Check these out: Biology. 30 seconds . Subject. Substitution Principle maintains that the correct location of a production facility is where the net profit is the greatest. Terms in this set (34) agglomeration ... substitution principle. 03/31/2011. Demographic Transition Model. Weight-losing. Add To Calendar; Details; About the Units . The doctrine of substitution refers to a formal method or process that enables mankind to be brought back into good relationship with God. 11 Industry Vocab questionAgglomeration answerThe clustering of productive activities and people for mutual advantage. air shipment is the quickest form but most expensive way; shipping by ship is the cheapest way and can carry the most over a long distance. RikuJames. costs that change directly with the amount of production. Substitution Mutation Examples Sickle-Cell Anemia. economic development, or growth, is not uniform over an entire region, but instead takes place around a specific pole. … Many in Europe, North America, and Asia; account for a lot of the world's industrial output, Eastern United States, Mexico, Eastern Europe, Western Europe, and East Asia, Grouping together of many firms from the same industry in a single area for collective or cooperative use of infrastructure and sharing of labor resources, economies of scale resulting from the concentration of people and production in urban areas, this industry has to comply with clean air rules while still trying to make the most money possible in their production, a geographical theory that refers to how the price and demand on land changes as the distance towards the CBD increases or decreases; suggests that only commercial landlords can afford the land within the CBD, A location where large shipments of goods are broken up into smaller containers for delivery to local markets, speeed and cost of forms of transportation, the ability of an individual, firm, or country to produce a good or service at a lower opportunity cost than other producers, multiple changes are set in motion by one even, The dispersal of an industry that formerly existed in an established agglomeration, Characterizes a production process in which an increase in the scale of the firm causes a decrease in the long run average cost of each unit, A form of tourism, based on the enjoyment of scenic areas or natural wonders, that aims to provide an experience of nature or culture in an environmentally sustainable way, a trading post where merchandise can be imported and exported without paying import duties, Areas where governments create favorable investment and trading conditions to attract export-oriented industries, Expenses that do not change in proportion to the activity of a business, Manufacturing activities in which cost of transporting both raw materials and finished product is not important for determining the location of the industry, urban center with certain attributes that, if augmented by investment, will stimulate regional economic development, A concept developed by Alfred Weber to describe the optimal location of a manufacturing establishment in relation to the costs of transport and labor, and the relative advantages of agglomeration or deglomeration, industry is diminishing in size and importance, industry is increasing in size and importance, A collective term that refers to public works such as a system of highways, railroads, and airports, An industry in which wages and other compensation paid to employees constitute a high percentage of expenses, a philosophy that assumes that a sale does not depend on an aggressive sales force but rather on a customer's decision to purchase product; it is synonymous with the marketing concept, an effect in which increased spending produces an increase in revenue greater than the initial amount spent, When resources for a national or global market run low, tendency for an industry or other type of economic activity to locate close to its resources, involve the physical characteristics of an area, involve characteristics relative to a specific area or place, specific area within a country in which tax incentives and less stringent environmental regulations are implemented to attract foreign business and investment, transition to a more environmentally friendly product, The population required to make provision of services economically feasible or the minimum market needed to support the supply of a product or service, through processes such as globalization time is accelerated and the significance of space is reduced, the idea that one country(country A) can produce products that another country (country B) can't; the other country (country B) will then trade for those products with its own products that the other country (country A) can't produce, A company that conducts research, operates factories, and sells products in many countries, not just where its headquarters or shareholders are located, Something's ability to be found anywhere at any time, expenses that change with the number of products produced, Creator of the model that states that the optimum location of a manufacturing firm is explained in terms of cost minimization, Makes something that gains volume or weight during production, An industry in which the inputs weigh more than the final products, A group of cities that form an interconnected, internationally dominant system of global control of finance and commerce, When acids dissolved in water are in rain, snow, or fog, Tiny droplets of sulfuric acid and nitric acid form and return to earths surface, The oxygen consumed by the decomposing organic waste, Synthetic organic compounds first created in the 1950s and primarily used as refrigerants and as propellants; involvement in the destruction of the ozone layer led to the signing of the Montreal Protocol, warming that results when solar radiation is trapped by the atmosphere, Forms in the presence of sunlight, hydrocarbons, as well as nitrogen oxides; causes respiratory problems, stinging in the eyes, and an ugly haze over cities, Enters a body of water at a specific location, layer in the upper atmosphere located between 30 and 45 kilometers above the Earth's surface; acts as a filter for the Sun's harmful UV rays, thinning of Earth's ozone layer caused by CFC's leaking into the air and reacting chemically with the ozone, breaking the ozone molocules apart, Disposal site for non-hazardous solid waste that is spread in layers and compacted to the smallest practical volume, System of standardized mass production attributed to Henry Ford, Transfer of some types of jobs, especially those requiring low-paid, less-skilled workers, from more developed to less developed countries, occurs when the factory is located close to market and supplier to reduce need for stalk items and supplies, The selective transfer of some jobs to developing countries, Sending industrial processes out for external production, Sometimes used to describe lean production; contrast to fordist production, of or relating to a society or economy marked by a lessened importance of manufacturing and an increase of services, information, and research, Requires a factory to maintain a so-called "open shop" and prohibits a "closed shop", Deliberate killing of a place through inddustrial expansion and change so its landscape is destroyed, Outsourcing contrasts with the approach typical of traditional mass production; country controls all phases of a highly complex production process. 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