One of Chile's largest copper mines (El Teniente) is nearby...... Click the link for more information. The dependence of the economy on copper prices and the production of an adequate food supply are two of Chile's major economic problems. In December 1974, A. Pinochet was proclaimed president of Chile. In March 1936 a Popular Front was created by the Communist, Radical, and Socialist parties. During the 1530’s Chile was invaded by Spanish conquistadors. A long narrow strip of land (no more than c.265 mi/430 km wide) between the Andes and the Pacific Ocean, Chile stretches c.2,880 mi (4,630 km) from near lat. He served in the revolt against Spain and commanded the victorious Chilean forces at the battle of Yungay (1839), where the Peru-Bolivia confederation of Andrés Santa Cruz was destroyed...... Click the link for more information. A partner of Francisco Pizarro, he took part in the first (1524) and second (1526–28) expeditions and in the bloody subjugation of the Incas after 1532...... Click the link for more information. A major event was the establishment in 1941 of the Experimental Theater of the University of Chile, headed by the director P. de la Barra; in 1959 the theater was reorganized as the Theater Institute of the University of Chile. The development of an independent Chilean state (1818–1917). Many musicians have left the country. Private practice is on the rise. The “Political Manifesto: Cinematographers and the UP Government,” issued in 1971, called for the creation of a genuinely national and humanistic revolutionary cinema. Except for the Loa River, North Chile has no permanent streams or drainage into the ocean. The largest copper-molybdenum mines are Chuquicamata in El Loa Province, El Salvador in Chañaral Province, and El Teniente in Cachapoal Province; together with the Rio Blanco and Exótica mines in Santiago Province, these three deposits yield 85 percent of Chile’s copper output. In 1980 there were 134 radio stations. See A. U. Hancock, A History of Chile (1893, repr. or. The average population density is approximately 14 persons per sq km (1976), but the overall distribution is extremely uneven. See more of Countries and Capitals on Facebook. Since the military junta has taken power there has been a sharp decline in industrial production, chiefly in consumer goods. The workers’ share in the national income fell from 65 percent in 1972 to 35 percent in 1974. Crop farming contributes about 60 percent of the value of agricultural output, and livestock raising, about 40 percent. PLAY. The major industries are petroleum and natural gas extraction, food processing (chiefly fish), and woodworking. Since 2004 a number of former senior military officers in Pinochet's régime have been convicted of crimes relating to murders and other human rights offenses following the coup. The military fascist coup of 1973 arrested the development of Chile’s art. Costumbrismo also influenced the autobiographical and memoir literature of the period. Its territory includes the coastal islands of the Chilean Archipelago (Chiloé, Wellington, Santa Inés), the western portion of the island of Tierra del Fuego, and the Pacific islands of San Ambrosio, San Félix, Juan Fernández, Sala-y-Gómez, and Easter Island. The rise of the laboring classes was marked by unionization, and there were many Marxists who advocated complete social reform. During the 17th and 18th centuries the Jesuits staged plays on religious subjects (incorporating folklore), chiefly during church holidays. The entire country is subject to frequent earthquakes. Santiago, capital city of Chile Santiago basks in one of the world’s most spectacular settings. It contains Chile's largest cities—Santiago, ValparaisoValparaiso, Span. In 1948, under the direction of Jooss, the company gave fine performances of The Green Table by F. Cohen, Big City, based on music by A. Tansman, and Youth, based on music by G. F. Handel as arranged by J. Orrego Safas. . Under the Unidad Popular government amateur theater groups were organized by professional actors. About 500 such groups, composed of workers, peasants, and students, put on productions in schools, factory trade union centers, and rural settlements. d’Halmar (1882–1950), best known for his novel Juana Lucero (1902), and J. Edwards Bello (1877?–1968)—were attracted to the aesthetics of naturalism. About 70 percent of foreign trade operations were under state control. was dedicated in 1904. In 1976, Chile ranked first in the capitalist world in the mining and export of saltpeter, second (after the USA) in the production and export of copper, and third (after the USA and Canada) in the output and export of molybdenum. Farming is oriented toward grain growing and beef and dairy cattle raising. The cities with populations of more than 100,000 (1976) are Santiago (3.4 million; the metropolitan area accounts for about 30 percent of the country’s population), Valparaíso, Viña del Mar, Concepción, Talcahuano, Antofagasta, and Temuco. The region's scanty population is concentrated along the coast and in oases; the ports of AricaArica, city (1992 pop. The two cities are almost dependent on each other. Chile is governed under the constitution of 1981 as amended. The chief crops are wheat, corn, barley, oats, potatoes, sugar beets, rice, and rape. A portion of extreme S Chile lies in the rain shadow of the Andes and is covered by natural grasslands; extensive sheep grazing is carried on, with wool, mutton, and skins the chief products. Antofagasta was founded by Chileans in 1870 to exploit nitrates in the Atacama Desert, then under Bolivian administration...... Click the link for more information. Sulfur deposits, volcanic in origin, are found at El Tacora, Concola, and other places along the Bolivian and Argentine border. At the end of 1975 the country had 393,000 motor vehicles, including 236,800 passenger cars. Wilflife and flora are protected in the Villarrica, Los Paraguas, Pérez Rosales, Puyehue, and Juan Fernández national parks and in the Nahuelbuta Preserve. After the military fascist coup many progressive ballet dancers and choreographers emigrated. In N Chile is the southern portion of the extensive desert zone of W South America. Also in 2005, the border with Peru again became a source of international tension as Peru laid claim to offshore fishing waters that Chile controlled; a 2014 ruling by the International Court of Justice awarded Peru a little more than half of the disputed waters. Frei's free-market policies led to a massive flow of foreign investment. In the eastern plains the temperature ranges are somewhat greater, and the amount of precipitation decreases toward the Atlantic Ocean to a minimum of 250 mm a year. pop. Over most of its length the Coastal Cordillera, with elevations of up to 3,200 m, drops sharply to a straight abrasion coast indented with bays. Territorial limits were ill-defined and were the cause, after independence, of long-drawn-out boundary disputes with Peru, Bolivia, and Argentina. Santiago is home to Chile’s National Archives and libraries and museums. An important branch of industry, mining is dominated by foreign companies, who own almost all the mining enterprises. Accessibility Help. (who had instituted a program of labor reforms during his tenure from 1920 to 1924, and who commanded widespread popular support) was recalled (1925) as a caretaker until elections were held. Famous actors and directors included E. Gajardo, M. Frank, M. Maluenda, A. Siré, S. Pineiro, O. Escámez, and M. González. The “urban novel” criticized bourgeois society from a social and moral perspective. 306,464), capital of Biobío region, S central Chile, near the mouth of the Biobío River. Learn. A Spanish-language literature has been developing in Chile since the beginning of colonial rule in the 16th century, when the Spaniard A. de Ercilla y Zúñiga (1553–94) wrote the famous epic La Araucana (parts 1–3, 1569–89), describing the Araucanians’ heroic resistance to the colonialists. He held many prominent academic and governmental posts, distinguishing himself as minister of education...... Click the link for more information. Between 1971 and 1976 the population grew at an average annual rate of 1.8 percent. Upgrade to remove ads. The company staged both expressionist and classical ballets, although showing a decided preference for the latter. Among the Araucanians, the most advanced and warlike of the Chilean tribes, a matriarchal clan system was giving way to a patriarchal one. Owing to the increased production of cheap artificial nitrogen fertilizers, by the early 1960’s saltpeter production had fallen to almost one-fourth of the 1929 output. flashcards on Quizlet. The most important museums, all located in the capital, are the National Historical Museum, the National Museum of Fine Arts, the National Museum of Natural History, and museums of education, contemporary art, and folk art of the American peoples. Education systems located in Santiago include the University of Chile and Catholic University. An important contribution to the development of 19th-century Chilean theater was made by famous actors and directors from other Latin American countries, notably C. Aguilar, J. Casacuberta, F, Cáceres, and H. Morales. The most popular songs and song-and-dance forms are the tonada, the zamacueca (commonly called the cueca), and the cuando, performed to the accompaniment of a guitar, a harp, or a guitarrón. The city boasts a neoclassical city centre with winding streets and neo-classical architecture, including Art Deco and neo-Gothic styles. A new criminal investigation began in 2004, and revelations of hidden offshore bank accounts led to tax evasion charges as well; this time the charges were not dismissed, but his death in 2006 ended all attempts to try him. 9 years ago. Frei made advances in land reform, education, housing, and labor. Allende, in an attempt to turn Chile into a socialist state, nationalized many private companies, instituted programs of land reform, and, in foreign affairs, sought closer ties with Communist countries. Some of the best chile peppers in the world are grown in Hatch, N.M., about four hours south of Santa Fe, which bills itself as the Chile Capital of … adaliciaroth. At the turn of the century, under the influence of the Nicaraguan R. Darío, a number of poets experimented with new verse forms and imagery, among them Jorge González Bastias (1863–1905) and M. Jara (born 1886). The chief trading partners are the United States, China, Brazil, Argentina, and South Korea. A new phase of the liberation struggle began in 1817. A national style was championed by the composers C. Lavin, P. H. Allende Sarón, C. Isamitt Alarcón, R. Acevedo, and J. Urrutia Blondel, whereas European musical trends were closely followed by the composers E. Soro, D. Santa Cruz (Wilson), A. Letelier Liona, J. Orrego Salas (who moved to the USA in 1961), and G. Becerra. The air force of 11,000 men is equipped with 50 combat, 60 transport, and about 75 training aircraft, as well as 30 helicopters. With the expansion of crafts and industry, chiefly mining, the number of workers increased. In the 1920’s several film companies were founded in Santiago and Valparaiso: Giambastini Films, Chile Films, and Andes Films. In the southern part of Central Chile dense rain forests (hemihylaea) grow on brown forest volcanic (andosols, trumao) and marshy soils; here the Andes are clothed with beech and coniferous forests and alpine meadows. Despite this assistance, Chile’s financial situation has remained precarious. It is a leading commercial and industrial center. The ancient art of the Chilean Indians, notably those living in the north, was associated with the advanced cultures of Peru. The city is the political and administrative center of Chile. South of 39° S lat. On the initiative of the Communist Party, the Democratic Alliance, a coalition of the Communist, Radical, and Democratic parties, was formed in 1942. Touring foreign companies figured prominently in the country’s musical life; the first operatic performances were given by an Italian company that visited the country in 1830. In 1946 a group of professional and amateur actors created the Independent Theater, which adopted the Stanislavsky method. In the 20th century much attention has been given to town planning, particularly the rebuilding of the center of Santiago, and to adapting the traditions of folk architecture. Radio broadcasting was begun in the 1920’s. Its capital is Santiago. Naval subdivisions include an air force of about 20 airplanes and ten helicopters, a marine brigade, and a coastal artillery. Translations with audio pronunciations, examples, and livestock raising, extensive rather than intensive, is one of Communist! 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